Main Point :-   (i) Creatorland will feature immersive theme parks, advanced gaming zones, esports arenas, and global cinema co-production zones. A key component will be the Virtual Studio Complex, equipped with Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based real-time rendering and volumetric capture technologies.

      (ii) The Creatorland Academy will train over 10,000 youth annually in fields such as Visual Effects (VFX), AI, gaming, and immersive storytelling. The initiative is expected to generate over 1.5 lakh employment opportunities across the entertainment, technology, and tourism sectors.

(iii) This ambitious initiative aims to position India as a global hub for entertainment, technology, and creative industries, offering immense opportunities for growth and development in these sectors.

      - TCS will focus on developing quantum algorithms and domain-specific applications aimed at addressing complex challenges across a range of critical sectors, including life sciences, material science, supply chain resilience, energy optimization, cryptography, and sustainable manufacturing.

Main Point :-   (i) The collaboration will also facilitate access to IBM’s cloud-based quantum systems, supporting developers, researchers, and technologists across the country to experiment and innovate in quantum computing.

      (ii) The infrastructure of the tech park will support hybrid computing models, integrating quantum computing with traditional CPU and GPU systems, to address complex computational challenges.

Main Point :-   (i) On May 2, 2025, PM Narendra Modi dedicated the Vizhinjam International Deepwater Multipurpose Seaport to the nation. This landmark project, located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, is worth Rs. 8,867 crore. Full-fledged operations at the port are expected to commence by the year 2028–29.

      (ii) Also on May 2, 2025, the PM inaugurated and laid the foundation for multiple development projects in Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, with a total value exceeding Rs. 58,000 crore.

(iii) As part of this, he laid the foundation stone for 74 projects worth Rs. 49,000 crore, signifying a major boost to the state's infrastructure and growth initiatives.

      - The Mk-II Laser DEW is a powerful 30 kilowatt (KW) laser-based weapon designed to disable, degrade, or destroy small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), swarm drones, missiles, and other surveillance or attack sensors. The weapon works by directing a concentrated beam of light to heat and damage the target, achieving high-impact results with surgical precision.

Main Point :-   (i) The Mk-II Laser Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) was indigenously developed by DRDO’s CHESS, Hyderabad, in collaboration with labs like LRDE (Bengaluru), IRDE (Dehradun), DLRL (Hyderabad), academic institutions, and Indian industries, showcasing a unified national effort in advanced defence technology development.

      (ii) This laser-based DEW system offers ultra-fast engagement speed and precise targeting, making it highly effective against aerial threats like drones and missiles. Its compact design, operational simplicity, and low-cost nature make it a promising replacement for traditional kinetic or missile defence systems.

(iii) Equipped with radar and electro-optic systems, the DEW detects targets and emits a powerful laser beam that causes structural damage within seconds. It significantly reduces ammunition dependency and collateral damage, marking a transformative leap in India’s future battlefield strategy and defence capability.

      - Additionally, NSTR management performs annual surveys using the Monitoring System for Tigers - Intensive Protection and Ecological Status (M-STRIPES) application (app) and camera trapping, following guidelines set by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) based in New Delhi, Delhi, and the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) based in Uttarakhand.

Main Point :-   (i) The 2024 Annual Report on the Status of Tigers, Prey, and Other Mammals reveals that the tiger population in Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve (NSTR), Andhra Pradesh, has grown to 76 individuals, excluding cubs. The report highlights the importance of prey density estimation for sustaining the tiger population and emphasizes Andhra Pradesh's role in maintaining the largest continuous tiger habitat in the Eastern Ghats.

      (ii) Under the Nagaravanams initiative, 50 urban green spaces have been created to mimic natural forests, with 11 more spaces sanctioned for 2024-25 and 12 proposals currently under review.Under the Nagaravanams initiative, 50 urban green spaces have been created to mimic natural forests, with 11 more spaces sanctioned for 2024-25 and 12 proposals currently under review.

(iii) NSTR spans 5,443 square kilometers, with a core area of 2,910 square kilometers, including Rajiv Gandhi and Gundla Brahmeswaram Wildlife Sanctuaries, and a buffer area of 2,535 square kilometers.

      - Additionally, Rs 1,140 crore of working capital loans will be converted into preferred share capital. This financial support is aimed at streamlining production processes, optimizing resource utilization, and enhancing the overall market position of RINL.

Main Point :-   (i) Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL) is a Navratna company under the Ministry of Steel (MOS) and operates the Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP), India's first shore-based integrated steel plant.

      (ii) The plant specializes in producing long steel products, serving key sectors such as construction, infrastructure, manufacturing, and automobiles.

Main Point :-   (i) The collaboration will focus on leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) and advanced technologies to achieve transformative outcomes. In healthcare, AI will be utilized for predictive health analytics and automated diagnostics, while in agriculture, AI-driven advisory tools and satellite systems will be used for precision farming and resource management.

      (ii) The initiative will also support foundational learning improvements in education. The Gates Foundation will assist implementation partners, co-identified with the Government of AP, to execute targeted interventions within state-driven programs.

(iii) The collaboration aims to create scalable models that can be replicated in other regions of India and globally.

Main Point :-   (i) The total estimated cost for Amaravati's development is Rs 50,000 crore.

      (ii) The World Bank (WB) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have committed Rs 15,000 crore for the project.

(iii) Additionally, HUDCO has sanctioned Rs 4,400 crore for Township and Infrastructure Development Corporation (TIDCO) housing projects in AP.

Main Point :-   (i) In First-Class cricket, Syed Abid played for Hyderabad in the Ranji Trophy. Across 212 matches, he scored 8,732 runs with 13 centuries and 31 fifties. He also claimed 397 wickets, including 14 five-wicket hauls.

      (ii) He played a crucial role in India's historic 1971 Test series victories against England and the West Indies.

(iii) He was part of the Ajit Wadekar-led Indian team that played its first-ever ODI in 1974 against England at Headingley, United Kingdom (UK).

      - He achieved a remarkable feat by singing 300 keertanas non-stop and composing over 600 Annamayya keertanas.

Main Point :-   (i) With over 6,000 concerts under his belt, he was the lead singer at the historic "Laksha Galarchana" event, organized by Silicon Andhra at Secunderabad Parade Ground, Hyderabad, Telangana, which entered the Guinness Book of World Records.

      (ii) He was honored with the prestigious Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2020 for his outstanding contributions to Indian classical music.

(iii) His passing leaves a significant void in the classical music world, and he will always be remembered for his immense contribution to the art form.

      - The assessment will incorporate various digital verifications, including name and PAN authentication via NSDL, mobile and email verification through OTP, API-based GST data fetch, bank statement analysis using account aggregators, and API-enabled commercial and consumer bureau data access.

Main Point :-   (i) MSMEs can apply for loans online from anywhere, reducing paperwork and branch visits. The process ensures quick in-principle sanctioning of loans via digital mode and smooth processing of credit proposals.

      (ii) The model introduces an end-to-end Straight Through Process (STP), significantly reducing the Turnaround Time (TAT) for loan approvals.

(iii) Unlike conventional credit eligibility assessments based solely on assets or turnover, this model allows MSMEs without a formal accounting system to be covered under the new framework.

      - The Solar Powered Tricycle is designed to improve independence and mobility for people with disabilities.

Main Point :-   (i) The tricycle is equipped with solar panels and motor assistance, making it an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to traditional mobility aids.

      (ii) This innovation not only reduces physical effort but also supports global sustainability goals by promoting renewable energy and clean transportation.

(iii) The award highlights ATC's commitment to reinventing mobility, improving accessibility, and advancing innovation in assistive technology.

      - The barge has been indigenously designed and built in collaboration with an Indian ship design firm and the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS).

Main Point :-   (i) Model testing was conducted at the Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL), Visakhapatnam (AP), to ensure seaworthiness.

      (ii) The MCA Barges play a crucial role in the IN's operational capabilities, assisting in the transportation, embarkation, and disembarkation of ammunition and materials to naval platforms, both at jetties and outer harbors.

(iii) These MCA Barges align with the Government of India’s (GoI) ‘Make in India’ and ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiatives, reinforcing India's self-reliance in defense manufacturing.

Main Point :-   (i) The event was graced by former Vice President Venkaiah Naidu, Union Minister of Finance Nirmala Sitharaman, and D. Purandeshwari, State President of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

      (ii) The book highlights various aspects of history, including linguistic arts, architecture, sculpture, land reforms, social justice, the feudal system, kingdoms, and public administration in AP.

(iii) Daggubati Venkateswara Rao has authored five books, including 'Some Truths in History', 'History of Telugu People Separation Movements', 'World Philosophy and Leadership', and 'Governance Systems of World Nations'.

Main Point :-   (i) The project aims to boost drone innovation, Research & Development (R&D), and position India as a global leader in drone technology.

      (ii) During the meeting, the CEO of Garuda Aerospace emphasized that the company’s vision aligns with the 'Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra' and its active role in the 'Namo Drone Didi' initiative, which seeks to empower rural women through drone technology.

(iii) To date, Garuda Aerospace has secured six approvals from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), including Type Certification and Remote Pilot Training Organisation (RPTO) approvals.

Main Point :-   (i) Her previous record was 8.12 seconds, set at the 2024 Asian Indoor Championships in Tehran (Iran), where she also won the Gold medal in the 60m hurdles.

      (ii) On January 17, 2025, she was honored with the 'Arjuna Award 2024' for her performance in the 100m hurdles in athletics at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi.

(iii) In the men's 60m hurdles, Tejas Shirse won the Bronze medal with a time of 7.68 seconds and set a national record in Luxembourg with a time of 7.65 seconds.

Main Point :-   (i) The GSLV-F15 rocket, equipped with an indigenous cryogenic upper stage, successfully placed the NVS-02 satellite into the intended Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).

      (ii) NVS-02, the second satellite in the five-satellite second-generation Navigational Satellite (NVS) series (NVS-01/02/03/04/05), is designed to enhance the Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system, ensuring improved and continuous services.

      - Gobies play a vital role in the ecosystem, acting as indicators of environmental health and occupying various levels within the food chain.

Main Point :-   (i) Out of 135 goby species found along India's coasts, 95 are recorded in mangroves, with 53 species specifically documented in the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary.

      (ii) This discovery underlines the rich biodiversity of mangrove ecosystems and their ecological significance.

      - The CMUS, designed by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), has also been incorporated into the Crew Module. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the module's orientation and stability during various phases of the mission.

Main Point :-   (i) The Crew Module will undergo further integration activities at VSSC, including the assembly of the avionics package, electrical harnessing, and extensive testing. Following these operations, it will be transferred to the U R Rao Satellite Centre in Bengaluru for the final step of Orbital Module integration.

      (ii) Gaganyaan is ISRO's ambitious crewed spacecraft project, aiming to launch astronauts into space by 2026. Once successful, India will join the ranks of Russia, the United States, and China as the fourth nation to achieve human spaceflight capabilities.

(iii) The Gaganyaan spacecraft comprises two key components: the Crew Module (CM), designed to house astronauts, and the Service Module (SM), which contains essential systems for propulsion and support. Together, they form the Orbital Module, vital for the mission's success. The Gaganyaan program highlights India's advancements in space technology, aiming to establish a strong foundation for future human space exploration while positioning India as a global leader in space endeavors.

      - This project aligns with AP’s Semiconductor Policy, launched in November 2024, aiming to transform the state into a hub for electronics and semiconductor manufacturing while supporting India’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision by boosting domestic production and reducing import dependency.

Main Point :-   (i) The AP government will provide land in the Orvakal Mega Industrial Hub along with essential infrastructure and support to ensure the project’s success.

      (ii) The facility will specialize in manufacturing Silicon Carbide (SiC) chips, crucial for energy-efficient technologies, Electric Vehicles (EVs), and Renewable Energy (RE) systems, with an initial production capacity of 10,000 wafers per month, scalable to 50,000 wafers per month within 2-3 years.

(iii) In November 2024, Gujarat became a pioneer in India's semiconductor industry by launching the Gujarat Semiconductor Policy 2022-2027, setting up the country’s first semiconductor facility in Sanand and initiating the construction of India’s first AI-enabled semiconductor fabrication plant in Dholera.

Main Point :-   (i) As part of the partnership, Infosys will create a digital platform powered by generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) to assess the skills of 3.59 crore people (aged 15-59 years) in Andhra Pradesh. The platform will evaluate current skill levels, identify gaps, and offer personalized recommendations for improvement.

      (ii) The Infosys Springboard initiative will provide free online courses, workshops, and learning pathways to support ongoing skill development. It will use advanced technology for transparent evaluations to track progress and ensure training aligns with career goals.

(iii) As part of the Skill Census, Infosys will offer technical support free of charge, linking skill assessments with job opportunities.

      - Inaugurated the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) convention and remotely flagged off the inaugural journey of the Pravasi Bharatiya Express in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

Main Point :-   (i) PM Narendra Modi laid the foundation stones for a Bulk Drug Park in Anakapalli district and the Krishnapatnam Industrial Area (KRIS City) in Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh, to boost economic activity through their proximity to the Visakhapatnam-Chennai Industrial Corridor and the Chennai-Bengaluru Industrial Corridor.

      (ii) In 2023, the Union Cabinet launched the National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM) with an investment of Rs. 19,744 crore, spanning from the Financial Year (FY) 2023-24 to FY 2029-30, aiming to position India as a global hub for the production, usage, and export of Green Hydrogen and its derivatives.

(iii) On 9th January 2025, PM Modi launched the Pravasi Bharatiya Express, a special tourist train that will begin its journey from Nizamuddin Railway Station in New Delhi.

      - N Space Tech India successfully tested the SwetchaSAT-VO UHF communication system for faster, reliable communication in remote areas.

Main Point :-   (i) SwetchaSAT-VO aims to enhance communication using Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) waves, improving mobile and internet services.

      (ii) Manastu Space Technologies successfully tested its VYOM 2U green propulsion system, using environmentally friendly MS289 propellant.

(iii) VYOM 2U propulsion system reached Technology Readiness Level 8 (TRL-8), indicating readiness for commercial deployment.

Main Point :-   (i) The Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), also known as the Pusa Institute, was established in 1905 in Pusa, Bihar. Its name was changed to the Imperial Institute of Agricultural Research in 1911 and then to the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute in 1919. After India's independence, it was renamed as the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI).

      (ii) It Relocated to New Delhi, Delhi, in 1936, the IARI operates under the administration of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

      - The PSLV rocket became the first vehicle to be integrated up to the 4th stage at the PSLV Integration Facility (PIF) at SDSC.

Main Point :-   (i) Spacecraft Docking and Undocking' s The main goal is to successfully dock two spacecraft, SDX01 (the Chaser) and SDX02 (the Target), in space. The process will involve a controlled approach, bringing the spacecraft from a distance of 20 km to just 3 meters before they dock.

      (ii) The docking will be carried out using precise maneuvers, which will be coordinated by ISRO's ISTRAC (ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network) in Bengaluru, Karnataka.

(iii) Once the spacecraft are docked, they will transfer power between each other. Afterward, they will undock and continue their individual operations, which will last for up to 2 years.

      - The project aims to transform Amaravati into a well-managed, climate-resilient hub in Andhra Pradesh (AP), creating jobs and improving the lives of residents, particularly the most vulnerable.

Main Point :-   (i) The World Bank (WB) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) are supporting the first phase of Amaravati's development, which aligns with India's urban development goals. With the urban population projected to reach 950 million by 2050, Amaravati is set to serve as a model for sustainable cities.

      (ii) Currently, around 100,000 people live in Amaravati, with the population expected to grow significantly in the next decade. A master plan has been developed for a 217 square kilometer area, designed to accommodate 3.5 million people by 2050.

(iii) The Amaravati Masterplan allocates 22% of residential areas for affordable housing.

      - The FSS will serve both military and humanitarian purposes. They can be used for emergency evacuations or to deliver relief supplies to areas affected by disasters during Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations.

Main Point :-   (i) The delivery of these ships is expected to begin by mid-2027, with the keel-laying ceremony for the first ship taking place in November 2024 at HSL in Visakhapatnam.

      (ii) These ships, weighing over 40,000 tonnes, will carry vital supplies such as fuel, water, and ammunition to warships, allowing them to operate far from ports.

(iii) The FSS will help the Navy stay operational for longer periods without needing to return to port.

      - Kerala, Rajasthan, and Goa boost tourism and foreign exchange earnings. Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh lead in infrastructure development. Rajasthan and Gujarat focus on renewable energy. Northeastern states improve connectivity, enhancing trade and tourism.

Main Point :-   (i) 25 states recorded over 7% GSDP growth in FY22 and FY23.

      (ii) 17 states achieved over 9% growth, including Gujarat and Kerala.

(iii) PHDCCI proposes a nine-pronged strategy for sustained growth.

Main Point :-   (i) The URJAVEER programme aims to empower 1 lakh individuals as ambassadors for energy efficiency.

      (ii) Energy-efficient appliances to be distributed to economically vulnerable households under PMAY.

Main Points:-   (i) The RBI has instructed the Commissioner for Cooperation and the Registrar of Cooperative Societies, Andhra Pradesh, to initiate a winding-up order and appoint a liquidator for the bank.

      (ii) Depositors are eligible for compensation up to Rs 5 lakh from the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC).

      - Rao also featured in numerous All India Radio national music programs and special broadcasts on Doordarshan, contributing significantly to Indian classical music on a global stage.

      - The project is expected to create approximately 2.5 lakh jobs, both directly and indirectly.

Main Points:-   (i) The plants will be part of Reliance's national target of setting up 2,000 CBG units.

      (ii) This initiative aligns with AP's Integrated Clean Energy (ICE) Policy - 2024, which aims to attract investments worth Rs 10 lakh crore.

(iii) According to GOBARdhan (Galvanising Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan) data, there are only 109 functional CBG/Bio CNG plants in India.

      - An allocation of Rs 4,285 crore is proposed for women, children, differently abled, and senior citizens' welfare.

Main Points:-   (i) The revenue deficit and fiscal deficit are at Rs 34,743 crore and Rs 68,742 crore respectively.

      (ii) The fiscal deficit will be around 4.19% of the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), and the revenue deficit will be around 2.12% of the GSDP.