According to NITI Aayog's India Innovation Index 2021, India's gross expenditure on research and development (R&D) is one of the lowest in the world, with just $43 per capita.
Index
According to NITI Aayog's India Innovation Index 2021, India's gross expenditure on research and development (R&D) is one of the lowest in the world, with just $43 per capita. India needs to boost this expenditure and at least be on a par with its BRICS or ASEAN counterparts like Russia ($285), Brazil ($173), and Malaysia ($293). India's gross expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP has been consistent and hovered around 0.7% for about a decade. This is even lower than Brazil (1.16%), South Africa (0.83%) and others. Only Mexico (0.31%) had a lower share of GERD as a percentage of GDP. With such low contribution, R&D performance remains stagnant. Meanwhile, Karnataka has emerged as the best among major states of the country in the 3rd edition of NITI Aayog's India Innovation Index. Manipur has emerged as the best performer on the index among north-eastern and hilly states, whereas Chandigarh is the top performer among union territories and city states followed by Delhi.
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